Signing a transaction with large data causes one of the steps in the preview for the transaction to throw a generic firmware error and revert the signature.
Reproducer (verified on two different wallets, running Universal 2.8.0 firmware, using Rabby desktop, both on Windows 10 and MacOS Sonoma):
Just want to add a +1 on this. Large transactions fail for me using Trezor with Rabby. This was a large multisig transaction that I can no longer test against, but I believe I also tested this with Trezor and Metamask with the same results. Firmware error pops up on the Trezor.
As Metanull also reported about this is still an issue. Another transaction came up (now about a year later) with large calldata. Firmware error thrown and unable to sign.